Cytotoxicity and Genotoxicity Assays
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OECD Test No. 471: Bacterial Reverse Mutation Test
Test No. 471, also known as the Bacterial Reverse Mutation Test or Ames test, is a guideline that outlines a widely used method for evaluating the mutagenic potential of chemicals and substances. The guideline provides a standardized protocol for exposing specific strains of bacteria to varying concentrations of the test substance, along with metabolic activation systems, if required. The test assesses the ability of the test substance to induce mutations in the bacterial DNA, helping to determine its genotoxicity and potential risk to human health.
OECD Test No. 473: In Vitro Mammalian Chromosomal Aberration Test
Test No. 473 is a guideline that describes the In Vitro Mammalian Chromosomal Aberration Test, which is used to assess the potential of chemicals to induce structural and numerical chromosomal aberrations in mammalian cells. The guideline provides instructions for treating cultured mammalian cells with the test substance, evaluating the chromosome structure and number using various techniques such as microscopy, and analyzing the frequency of aberrations. This test helps identify genotoxic substances and provides important information for assessing their potential impact on genetic stability and human health
OECD Test No. 474: Mammalian Erythrocyte Micronucleus Test
Test No. 474 is a guideline that outlines the Mammalian Erythrocyte Micronucleus Test, which is used to assess the genotoxic potential of chemicals or substances by measuring the frequency of micronuclei formation in the erythrocytes of mammals. The guideline provides instructions for administering the test substance to animals, collecting and preparing samples of peripheral blood, and examining the erythrocytes for micronuclei using microscopy. This test helps identify substances that can induce DNA damage or chromosomal abnormalities, providing important information for evaluating the potential genotoxicity and safety of chemicals.
OECD Test No. 475: Mammalian bone marrow chromosome aberration test
Test No. 475 is a guideline that describes the Mammalian Bone Marrow Chromosome Aberration Test, which is used to evaluate the potential genotoxicity of chemicals or substances by examining their ability to induce structural or numerical chromosomal aberrations in the bone marrow cells of mammals. The guideline provides instructions for administering the test substance to animals, collecting bone marrow samples, preparing slides, and examining the chromosomes for aberrations using microscopy. This test helps identify substances that can cause DNA damage or chromosomal abnormalities, providing important information for assessing their potential impact on genetic stability and human health.
OECD Test No. 476: In Vitro Mammalian Cell Gene Mutation Tests using the Hprt and xprt genes
Test No. 476 is a guideline that outlines the In Vitro Mammalian Cell Gene Mutation Test using the Hprt and xprt genes. This test is used to assess the potential of chemicals to induce gene mutations in mammalian cells. The guideline provides instructions for exposing cultured mammalian cells to the test substance, selecting suitable genetic markers (Hprt and xprt genes), and evaluating the mutation frequency using various techniques such as gene mutation assays or molecular analyses. This test helps identify substances that can cause mutations in specific genes, providing valuable information for evaluating genotoxicity and potential risks to human health
OECD Test No. 483: Mammalian Spermatogonial Chromosomal Aberration Test
Test No. 483 is a guideline that describes the Mammalian Spermatogonial Chromosomal Aberration Test, which is used to evaluate the potential genotoxicity of chemicals or substances by examining their ability to induce chromosomal aberrations in spermatogonial cells. The guideline provides instructions for treating animals with the test substance, collecting and preparing samples of spermatogonia, and examining the chromosomes for aberrations using microscopy. This test helps identify substances that can cause DNA damage or chromosomal abnormalities in spermatogonial cells, providing important information for assessing their potential impact on reproductive health and genetic stability.
OECD Test No. 487: In Vitro Mammalian Cell Micronucleus Test
Test No. 487 is a guideline that outlines the In Vitro Mammalian Cell Micronucleus Test, which is used to assess the genotoxic potential of chemicals or substances by measuring the frequency of micronuclei formation in cultured mammalian cells. The guideline provides instructions for treating the cells with the test substance, harvesting and preparing the cell samples, and examining the cells for micronuclei using microscopy. This test helps identify substances that can cause DNA damage or chromosomal instability, providing important information for assessing genotoxicity and potential risks to human health.
OECD Test No. 490: In Vitro Mammalian Cell Gene Mutation Tests Using the Thymidine Kinase Gene
Test No. 490 is a guideline that describes the In Vitro Mammalian Cell Gene Mutation Test using the Thymidine Kinase (TK) gene. This test is used to evaluate the potential of chemicals or substances to induce gene mutations in mammalian cells. The guideline provides instructions for exposing cultured mammalian cells to the test substance, selecting suitable genetic markers (TK gene), and evaluating the mutation frequency using various techniques such as gene mutation assays or molecular analyses. This test helps identify substances that can cause mutations in the TK gene, providing valuable information for assessing genotoxicity and potential risks to human health.